Advertising Guide Consumers Thinking, Actions And Behaviour

Advertisements guide consumers thinking, actions and behaviour as people come to accept the ideas shown through visuals. The most central of these is what it means to be a man or a woman. Ideas abot how to feel, dress, look and behave, and how to connect with other men and women is the culture we live in. A variety of advertisements such as TV adverts, billboards and print ads, outline the way men and women should be according to society. Advertisers give us gender specific advertisements to explain how it is to be a man or a woman. Society has grasped the concepts of what traditional roles in gender should be and applies them to advance their products and reach consumers. In it’s usual and verbal representation of the sexes, advertising†¦show more content†¦Female characters devote their primary energies to improving their appearences and taking care of homes and people.† (Wood, 1994: 235) Representations of men in advertising tend to target power, strength, independence and physique. Male characters are usually represented as isolated and as not needing to rely on others known as the lone hero. Men are seldom present in adverts for women. But when they are, they are commonly a more gentle, kinder, more friendly and understanding, less macho kind of man unlike the men portrayed in adverts for the male audience. Traditionally, advertisements have shown women as mothers and wives, suggesting a feminine ideal of domesticity. Representations of women highlight beauty, sexuality, physique and emotional dealings. Women are regularly represented as being part of a context such as family, friends and working as part of a team. Our gender identities are also reproduced in individual adverts which reflect the fact that, in the popular consensus man and woman are completely seperate genders: if you are not a ‘proper’ man, it follows with inexorable logic that you are ‘effeminate’; conversely, if you are not behaving ‘like a woman’, you will be stigmatised as ‘mannish’. In Erving Goffman’s book ‘Gender Advertisements’ (1979), he believes that when we look at advertisements carefully, they are infact very strange creations,

Film Review The Movie Opens Essay - 1920 Words

Set against the backdrop of the destructive ending of a century, and the beginning of a new, is a gritty crime drama with ties to science fiction that thrusts the audience into the forefront of the action. As the movie opens, the audience is quickly aligned with an unhappy ex-cop, who has no real job and lacks motivation, but maintains a sliver of hope by peddling illegal disks. A plethora of characters with distinctive goals are sent to both help and hinder the protagonists, Lenny, and later Mace, but the distinction is not always clear. The film’s style is showcased through specific techniques, such as POV sequences, as well as the depth of and range of information. These techniques serve as the main clues for whom to identify with and when throughout the film. An aspect of the film’s style is highlighted during the POV sequences, which also supplies the audience with depth of information. The film remains objective by confining the audience only to the knowledge of the external behaviors of the film’s characters, and never revealing their inner thoughts, especially when participating in activities such as viewing a disk. However, this technique is counterbalanced by the nine POV sequences that are strategically placed throughout the movie, which gives us perceptual subjectivity. For example, when a POV sequence is displayed to the audience, the audience is immediately able to identify with a character based on the disk that they are viewing. The POV sequences that areShow MoreRelatedSomething s Got Ta Give1026 Words   |  5 PagesSomething’s Gotta Give is an award winning movie written by Nancy Meyers. This romantic drama is greatly known for its middle-aged comedic relief because it highlights the sexual encounter s between an old bachelor and a cougar of a woman. The reviews written by Roger Ebert, A.O. Scott and Christopher Orr are about the movie Something’s Gotta Give which will include an opinion on the strengths and weaknesses of how each review is written. Roger Ebert’s 2003 movie review of Something’ Gotta Give was moreRead MoreThe Breakfast Club Jaws And Star Wars Analysis1368 Words   |  6 PagesThe Breakfast Club, Jaws, Star Wars. Major films that have reached the utmost level of recognition. They have become iconic in the film industry, and culturally consecrated by society. The films society deems worthy of such a recognition have shifted over the years, due to how society has shifted. Due to their popularity, it raises the question if movies which involve superheros could ever rise to such a title. If they can, which ones would be able to hold this honor? All of them? Only a select fewRead MoreEssay about The Birdcage1544 Words   |  7 PagesThe Birdcage What attracts us to the movie theatre on Friday nights? Is it the commercials we see? Or is it all the gossip we hear from friends and TV talk shows? Well for many, it is the critiques we read and hear almost every day. One who specializes in the professional evaluation and appreciation of literary or artistic works is a critic. The profession of movie criticism is one of much diversity. Reviews range anywhere from phenomenal to average. Not only are movies created for theRead MoreFilm Review Of The Intouchables Directed By Oliver Nakache And Eric Toledano1206 Words   |  5 PagesFilm Review- Statement of intention: My intention for this film review is to convince the reader to watch the film â€Å"The Intouchables†. As I believe this film is well worth watching as it portrays very good themes and has important life lessons incorporated throughout the movie. The Intouchables Are Really An Untouchable Pair The Intouchables Directed and written by: Oliver Nakache and Eric Toledano Rating: R (for language and some drug use) Genre: drama, art house, international, comedyRead MorePlot Of The Film The Night On Amity Island 1689 Words   |  7 PagesPlot of the Film After a skinny dip late in the night on Amity Island, there is a disappearance of a young woman. The following morning, parts of her body wash up on the Island’s shores. This prompts Martin Brody, the police chief, to believe that she was attacked by a shark and in effect, orders closing of the beaches. 24 hours later, the beaches are opened again. This follows concerns of the mayor and the medical examiner who brand the incident as an accident caused by a boat. The two value theRead MoreToy Story 3 Review1135 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent now. Weezy and Bo Peep, as well as others, are gone. They have fallen victim to damage, yard sales, garbage bags, donations, and simply being misplaced. There is a melancholy feeling in the air between Woody and the rest of the gang as the film opens. Andy is now 17 years old and is preparing to depart to college. Each toy is well aware as they watch him pack, that their futures will come down to either living in the attic, become donated, or thrown away. As Andy looks over all of his old toysRead MoreAnalysis Of No Country For Old Men1014 Words   |  5 PagesIn the film â€Å"No Country for Old Men,† there are many aspects that make it a fantastic piece of work. The authors A.O. Scott, Anthony Lane, and Christopher Orr all write brilliant reviews that praise the film as well as pick apart its shortcomings. However, none of the authors touched on the one seemingly obvious piece to the puzzle, which is the title. â€Å"No Country for Old Men† is a title that stands out among many others, and it does not speak for itself the way that many movie titles do. The titleRead MoreSurviving Children Who Now Have Posttraumatic Syndrome Disorder856 Words   |  4 Pagespentad is the purpose. The purpose of the film was to bring awareness to the U.S. involvement in Cambodia. Prior to the release of the movie, we knew little about how U.S. policies spilled over into Cambodia. The film made a human connection with the genocide of many Cambodians. The purpose was to shed light on the villains who were Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge (Magid 112). Another purpose was to bring the atrocities to the light. Another purpose of the film was to highlight the ravages of war, genocidesRead MoreAnalysis Of Kathryn Stockett s The Great Gatsby 1121 Words   |  5 Pagesperiod, the South, while more prejudiced than the North, was in one way more open-minded: blacks and whites cohabited with an informal and durable routine. They’d been living interweaved existences since the days of servitude. The Help is an emotionally all-encompassing, version of Kathryn Stockett’s influential 2009 novel, it comprehends that the rift between the races in the South was just one illusion after another. The film is set in Jackson, Miss. — The middle-class of the Deep South —The Help isRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Dog1346 Words   |  6 PagesThe 1997 Barry Levinson’s film Wag the Dog narrates its viewers a story about the successful rescue of the US President’s reputation that has been stained substantially. The President was involved in a sexual scandal eleven days before the election, according to the film’s plot. In order for him to be re-elected for the second term, extreme measures were taken by a Hollywood film producer Stanley Motss (Dustin Hoffman) and consultant Conrad Bean (Robert De Niro) to raise the ratings of the acting

Reforming The United States Prison System - 940 Words

Nathan Brand AP English 11 Ms. Westphald 1/19/2016 Reforming the United States Prison System The United States is the largest jailer in the world. With only 5 percent of the world s population and a disproportionate 20 percent of the worlds prison population the United States also has the highest incarceration rate in the world (Chamman). In fact one in every one hundred and ten adults in the United States will be incarcerated. Many of these adults will return to prison later in their life (ACLU). The Prison Crisis has become a recent phenomenon as from nineteen seventy four to two thousand and fourteen the prison population has increased four hundred and eight percent. The Prison System does not nurture the rehabilitation of prisoners well. A vindictive prison culture is created that nurtures violence. The United States prison system has the largest rate of people to return to prison (Williams). For many prisoners incarceration makes them more likely to return to prison (ACLU) For others prison leads to traumatic violations of rights such as rape, malnutrition, and systematic disparity. Through the obvious statistical evidence of the United States Prison system and the exploration of detrimental prison culture it becomes apparent that the system needs to be reformed. Prisons are not cost effective and they do not provide the right correctional help. The United States prison system is deeply flawed. Prison creates a culture that is detrimental to prisoners and allShow MoreRelatedHistory Of The Prison System1067 Words   |  5 PagesThe history of the prison system in the US is very extensive and encompasses nine different eras which include the Penitentiary era, Mass Prison, Reformatory, Industrial, Punitive, Treatment, Community-based, Warehousing, and the Just-desert era. Each era had its own strength and weaknesses that influenced each subsequent era that came after. the idea of a prison system came about from the colonist desire for a more humane method of dealing with criminal offenders. It was a key move away from corporalRead MoreThe Apocalypse Now : The Los t War On Drugs865 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to â€Å"The Apocalypse Now : The Lost War on Drugs†, the United States federal government began to become tough on â€Å"crime† especially drug offenses in the 1970’s under President Richard Nixon. Nixon stated that â€Å"drugs were public enemy #1† and that he was going to be tough on this crime. As a result, state level government began to create policies that were strict on drug offenses causing minimal sentencing for minor drug offenses. Instead of going after the root of the problem which was preventingRead MoreThe Death Of A Brooklyn Shelter For Domestic Violence1504 Words   |  7 Pagestwo weeks in prison which effectively destroyed the new life she was trying to create. Only after her lawyers moved the case to a more sympathetic judge, was she released. The fight was not over just yet. Her case was still not resolved, her spot at the shelter was gone, and she no longer had custody of her child. All for a bag of diapers. Thousands of cases just like Adriana’s are in the works every day in the United States. There are serious problems facing the American prison system that have pronouncedRead MoreThe Problem Of Democrats And Republicans Essay1583 Words   |  7 Pagesproperly reform the criminal justice system. This is an issue with nearly every topic and this is the main cause of issues in the country. The debates and lack of agreeable actions makes it seem nearly impossible for the country to change in positive ways in timely manners. This issue is the biggest issue in the United States of America, because it interferes with progress and reform. This is an integral part of why the current system remains in a dysfunctional state. This issues is more urgent thanRead MoreReforming Prisons : Reforming The Prison System Essay2140 Words   |  9 Pages Reforming our Prison System With the population of the United States prisons growing every day we need to evaluate if they are doing any good. Personally, I believe that we need to keep our prison system, but we need to take steps in reforming them rather than abolish them altogether. The United States has the highest number of incarcerated people than any other country in the world. We must sit down and look at other countries and see what they are doing different than the United States. In thisRead MorePros And Cons Of Solitary Confinement1001 Words   |  5 PagesOver the last couple of decades, prison systems have adopted the use of solitary confinement as a means of punishment and have progressively depended on it to help maintain obedience and discipline inside the prison structure. Solitary confinement is a form of incarceration in which a prisoner is isolated in a cell for multiple hours, days, or weeks with limited to no human contact. According to the American Civil Liberties Union, the United Stat es represents only 5% of the worlds population yetRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency And Juvenile Criminal Justice System1475 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: Juvenile delinquency is an ever growing issue in the United States, according to the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, â€Å"In 2012, there were 3,941 arrests for every 100,000 youths ages 10 through 17 in the United States† (OJJDP, 2014). The way juveniles are treated in the criminal justice system is very different than the way adults are. In 1899, in Cook County, Illinois, the first juvenile justice system in the country was founded. This established an alternative wayRead MoreThe Debate Of Rehabilitation Vs. Reparation948 Words   |  4 Pages A common dilemma in the United States prison system is the debate of rehabilitation vs. reparation. Reparation involves strictly punishing the prisoner for their crime. On the other hand, rehabilitation aims to â€Å"fix† the prisoner for a potential eventual return to society. Ethically, reform makes more sense than reparation, as it aims to make the prisoner more useful to society, while increasing the overall safety of the society. A strong rehabilitation program would additionally cut down the numberRead MoreDealing With Repeat, Criminal Offenders, And The Justice System756 Words   |  4 Pages Dealing with repeat, criminal offenders, has become a hot-topic issue in the corrections community, as well as the justice system as a whole. Society demands to be protected from the criminal element, and rightly so, but how do we identify the career criminals, and keep them from harming others? Even though a small number of career criminals were responsible for the majority of the crimes being committed in the country, it was not until the mid-1980s that selective incapacitation began to beRead MoreCorrections Trend873 Words   |  4 Pagesobjectives that will be addressed are past, present and future trends of corrections. Also, analyze current and future issues facing prisons and prison administrators as well as the roles and issues of alternate correction systems as a developing trend. In today’s society the jails and prison pretty much function with the same protocol. In the past the history of the State prisons began at the Walnut Street Jail in 1790, it was the actually first American penitentiary located in Philadelphia. Punishments

Questions About the Cold War Responses and Conceptions

Cold War Introduction Right after the Japanese surrendered to the Allies, and after Hitlers Nazi regime had been defeated, there was a struggle between the U.S. (and democratic allies of the U.S.) and the Soviet Union for power and influence in the post-WWII world. This struggle was called the Cold War, and it entailed many events and a great deal of tension between the forces of communism and those of democracy. American diplomat George Kennan explained that the Soviet Union was †¦a political force committed fanatically to the belief that with the U.S. there can be no permanent Vivendi [agreement between parties that disagree]†¦ (History.com). President Harry Truman said that it †¦must be the policy of the United States†¦to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation†¦by outside pressures (History.com). This paper reports the responses and conceptions three different individuals to questions about the Cold War. Interview #1: Gina, neighbor, 44 years of age What words or phrases come to mind when you think of the term Cold War? I remember in school reading about the Cuban missile crisis. The first thing I think of is reading about President Kennedy and deciding what to do when the Soviets were digging silos for missiles in Cuba. Gina said her teacher in social studies spent a lot of time discussing what options President Kennedy had after the American planes took photos of missile silos in Cuba. She said that according to her high school teacher †¦weShow MoreRelatedReview Of The Better Angels Of Our Nature By Steven Pinker1262 Words   |  6 PagesShort Essay Sally Togher | 15 April 2017 | Question 2 —————————- Evaluate and critique the different arguments for the decline in warfare since 1990. In the last decade, discussion of â€Å"the decline of war† has dramatically escalated. This essay evaluates and critiques three major arguments for the decline in warfare since 1990, examining the human nature approach of Steven Pinker, the shorter-term factors proposed by John Mueller and the alternative â€Å"New Wars† theory championed by Mary Kaldor. In combinationRead MoreModernization Theory Of The Post War Years1324 Words   |  6 Pagessentiment with regards to development following the Second World War. The United States found themselves in a unique position where they had shown their military and technological prowess, were the only victor whose infrastructure had not been damaged by the war and saw themselves as the technological leader of the world and a model to be emulated. Along with growing fears about Cold War tensions and the threat of communism, the domestic post-war environment contributed to the emergence of the predominantRead MoreA Big Idea1148 Words   |  5 Pagessprings a third: that governments should view the security threats they face, and the responses they make to them, holistically, and unite them under an overarching National Security Strategy. We might call these three ideas collectively ‘the idea of national security’. It is no coincidence that this idea emerged in the years after the Cold War. For forty years until 1989, one specific security issue—major war—was seen to have dominated threat perceptions, and one specific policy instrument—conventionalRead MoreConflicts Are International Problems And Require Global Rather Than National Effort1694 Words   |  7 PagesTHEORATICAL CONCEPTION Conflicts are international problems and require global rather than national effort to eliminate and therefore the international society to recognize it to eliminate the institutions that make war likely. Therefore, the humanitarian organizations have increasingly stressed the need for the international community to embrace principles of human rights, diversity, good governance and participation when responding to situations of insecurity and violent conflict (Botha, 1989)Read MoreSecurity Studies : A Sub Discipline Of International Relations1836 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Security studies is a sub discipline of international relations, established after WOI in the United Kingdom, having the desire to prevent a repetition of the horrors of the Great War (Collins 2016). While the roots of security studies can be traced back to Thucydides and Sun Tzu, the conception of security in the mind of many people, scholars and politicians is shaped by three fundamental moments in history: the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the French Revolution in 1789 and the establishmentRead MoreHow Democratization Is A Factor Of Peace Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesThe proposition that democracies do not enter in war between them is according to some liberal thinkers that most resembles a law (in the sense of the natural sciences) in the field of international relations. This assertion is far from having led to a consensus among political scientists and is widely rejected by scholars including realistic thinkers. This thesis argues that democratization is a factor of peace. However the question remainshow to democratize? . That is why Western countries haveRead MoreBlack Boy : Breaking The Chains Of Mental Slavery1720 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 15,2014 Black Boy: Breaking the Chains of Mental Slavery 4. Race plays a large role in who and how we define ourselves. The question time and time again asked is who hold the key in deciding who do someone allow to define along with the limitations of such assumptions us and can the limitations how society views us hold the black individual(s) back. In this response I will focus on the idea of â€Å"Racism and its effects on individual experience†. Throughout the novel Wright tries to come to termsRead MoreLiterature About China s Rise Of East Asia Varies Across International Relations Essay1673 Words   |  7 Pages Literature about China’s rise in East Asia varies along International Relations (IR) Theory methodologies, Think Tank papers, Government research, and media coverage. This literature review covers a period between 2000 and 2009 that establishes a baseline interaction, or ‘before’ (George and Bennett 2005, 166) outcome, among and between the key actors under investigation in this study. Use later in t his predictive study, content post-2009 serves to judge a change in interaction. Many well-informedRead MoreThe Principle Of State Sovereignty1902 Words   |  8 Pagesto the following questions: from whence did sovereignty first emerge, and what is its prime ideational underpinning? Why has sovereignty come to be embroiled in heated global debate since the termination of the cold-war? In which manner has the doctrine of R2P served to countervail that of sovereignty? How would realists and liberals conceive of this dilemma, and which of their respective positions may be said to hold more weight? Once having formulated responses to such questions, a conclusive proposalRead MoreCoping with War: A Comparison Between Slaughterhouse Five and A Farewell to Arms1630 Words   |  7 PagesEarnest Hemmingway once said Never think that war, no matter how necessary, nor how justified, is not a crime. (Ernest Hemingway: A Literary Reference) War is a gruesome and tragic thing and affects peop le differently. Both Vonnegut and Hemmingway discus this idea in their novels A Farewell to Arms and Slaughterhouse Five. Both of the novels deal not only with war stories but other genres, be it a science fiction story in Vonnegut’s case or a love story in Hemingway’s. Despite all the similarities

Ptlls Assignment 5 Free Essays

Evaluate a range of ways to embed elements of functional skills in your specialist area. Functional skills, a new development initiative to standardise the qualifications for English, maths and I. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Ptlls Assignment 5 or any similar topic only for you Order Now T. In the past they have been known as several different names: core skills, common skills, basic skills, key skills, a minimum core. Wilson (2009) These are building blocks of skills that enable the learner to underpin all learning, without these skills learners would struggle with all the basic learning, life and work skills. During the teaching cycle within my workshop/classroom, I try to introduce as many functional skills as possible into my courses. Here are a few examples of how I include some of the functional skills into the course content: This is an example of an exercise that always seems to go down well with my learners, I divide my learners into pairs, issue them with pens, paper, a catalogue from a tool supplier, i. e. screw fix and set them a task to order and purchase a set of basic tools that would enable them to carry out a decorating project from start to finish.I set them a budget and they have to stay within the budget. This exercise encourages numerous functional skills to be developed. Communication , literacy , problem solving, thinking literacy, maths , using a calculator( IT skills are almost impossible for me to include because of the restrictions exposed on the learners by the prison regime). Another example that always seems to be a fun challenge with my learners is a word list competition.I have printed handouts with a list of words, meanings and explanations and as I progress through a unit of the course, the students have to try to identify the buzz words on the sheet. The first ones in the class to identify the full list correctly get a simple prize i. e I make coffee for the winner .. Simple but effective and enjoyed ,especially getting me to make the coffee. It encourages healthy competition, thinking skills problem solving, literacy, as well as product and skill knowledge. Being new to teaching experience I am presently undergoing a series of teaching sessions with my factional skills advisor within the college to help me to develop my understanding and ability to include all of the functional skills within my City and Guilds course and within lesson plans and teaching sessions which will help me to develop my skills for future development in this subject.References: Wilson L. 2009 Practical Teaching A guide to PTLLS and DTLLS p43. Zirinski. Croatia. How to cite Ptlls Assignment 5, Papers

Media Influences on Social Norms and Health Free Essays

Media’s Authority on Illness: Messages the Public learn In today’s culture, the media influences many aspects of daily life. For the purpose of this research the media will encompass television, newspaper, magazines, and internet and the messages learned from these outlets relating to illness. In addition, investigating how people in power authoritative the messages portrayed on the media outlets and the agenda behind the messages. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Influences on Social Norms and Health or any similar topic only for you Order Now The people or organizations that influence the media have a big impact on the way we learn or feel about illness. Human beings can come to accept most anything that is repeated on the news, published in magazines, and said by people of influence. People in power will include, for the purpose of this argument, those with credentials, self-help â€Å"experts†, and funding agencies for specific illnesses. The media and people in power control what the public learns about illness. Moreover, publicizing illness when there is a finical gain or what socio-economic group suffers from the disorder or illness. According to Brumberg (2000), anorexia nervosa was a relatively unheard of disease until the 1980s. Today it is so commonplace that women will see a friend who has lost weight or looks skinny and refer to her as â€Å"looking anorexic. † If this disease was only labeled as anorexia around thirty years ago how did it explode into mainstream culture so quickly? There are a number of different arguments to pose: elite women from Ivy League universities took interest in the topic, the three most popular women’s’ magazines published many stories about the disease, and people of social status died from this disease (Brumberg 2000). Different diverse newspapers became intrigued and jumped on the anorexia bandwagon, even including pictures of gauntly women on the covers claiming outrageously high numbers of women that now have this disease (Brumberg, 2000). It is also important to note that nearly all of the anorexia sufferers were white and came from rich families (Brumberg 2000). These girls coming from wealthy families obviously had the money to pay for treatment and doctors. It is possible that their families ran in circles with doctors, scientists, and people that have social status to make powerful decisions. These decisions generated media attention leading to the general public being flooded with movies, documentaries, and news broadcasts (Brumberg 2000). If these affected by this new disease of anorexia were poor and underprivileged arguably the public would not have learned about anorexia and it might possibly not exist today. Like anorexia, the disease of fibromyalgia did not exist as a labeled disorder until the mid seventies (Barker 1999). Remarkably now six million Americans are diagnosed a syndrome which did not exist thirty years ago. Self-help literature and the internet is one of the biggest facilitators in generating information to the public as well as funded organizations (Barker 1999). According to Barker (1999) fibromyalgia is characterized by many different symptoms and it can present itself differently for every case. Interesting enough during interviews Barker performed with twenty-five women only one woman had not read self-help books, but she relied on information from her support group leader to learn about her syndrome (Barker 1999). Debatably, these women may have never learned they had a syndrome, lived their lives without media messages, and possibly saving money, time, and heartache dealing with this new diagnosis. By looking at the new diseases of fibromyalgia and anorexia it is clear that the media and people of influence taught the general public about these illnesses and facilitated there widespread exposure, but how does the media choose what messages to deliver and what messages to keep away from the general public. Clearly, anorexia was a disease of wealthy, attractive girls which could make a good story, generating money for the news outlets, doctors, and pharmaceutical companies. In addition, fibromyalgia could generate the same type of financial gain for doctors and medical companies, but are these the only motivators for the media and powerful people. According to Armstrong, Carpenter, and Hojnacki (2004) who constructed a study about whose deaths matter in America with attention to the mass media and the same motivators were congruent with the results they found. Consistent with powerful people controlling messages in the media, Armstrong et. al (2004) discovered that celebrities and members of Congress become involved with different diseases promoting attention and consequently leading to these promoted diseases appearing on national media outlets. For example, when Karen Carpenter died of anorexia it brought many celebrities together to publicize anorexia teaching the public the importance of treatment for anorexia (Brumberg 2000). The media claims that the diseases they cover are those that affect the general population but ironically the people that dictate what these general population diseases are, consist of the influential people and those with credentials (Armstrong et. al 2004). During Armstrong et. al (2004) study they also discovered that the media is more likely to cover diseases that affect white people than black people, even if a disease is killing many more blacks than whites. Mass media focuses more on the color of someone’s skin and social status than the mortality rate of a certain disease or illness. This absurdity can also be seen not only with what the media covers, but with what they choose not to cover. From the 1960s to 1980s black men in Harlem had a lower rate of survival than men in Bangladesh (McCord and Freeman 1990) and this was not publicized or put on any major media outlet. If white men had a lower survival rate it would have been all over the major news headlines because of their socio-economic status and control towards the media. The unequal coverage of media attention because of issues of power, race, and money in turn condition the general public’s perception about illness. Even people that are educated and intelligent many times cannot control being manipulated by the media to go along with messages they are delivering. What’s more is if the doctors, celebrities, and powerful funding companies are not endorsing an illness, therefore the media does not cover it, the general public will not ever hear about it. Surely, if anorexia suffers would have been black women with low socio-economic status the top women’s magazines in the country would not have published stories, news broadcasts would have been non-existent, and quite possibly anorexia would only be known to few and not a mainstream disease. Diseases that affect minority groups draw far less media attention and Armstrong et. al (2004) theorizes that it stems from predominantly white broadcasters and media executives. Furthermore, speculating that media workers would rather focus on illness that affects their particular social class and group (Armstrong et. al 2004). This theory continues to support the argument that the people in power are working through the media to control the messages the public learn about illness and disease. Organized advocates, research scientists, and politically active organizations also have a high investment in messages the media relays to the public. Advocates call great attention to their cause threw drawing on media attention and aligning themselves with politicians that support their cause in accordance with the policy goals of the politician (Armstrong et. al 2004). It is a win for all involved; the politicians get the media coverage they want for their agenda, again sending messages about illness in a political format. People in power and the media have an enormous function in controlling what messages the public learns about illness. There are many different reasons they want to control the messages humans take in through various types of media outlets. Facilitating their own social group, money, and political gain are just a few addressed in this argument. The mass media, controlled by powerful people decide what illness they want the public to learn about and often times it has more to do with race and status than how many people are actually suffering or even dying from a disease. References McCord, C. Freeman, H. P. (1990). â€Å"Excess Mortality in Harlem. † New England Journal of Medicine, 322:25 p. 173-177. Brumberg, J. J. (2000). â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa in Context. † Fasting Girls pp. 10-21, 33-42 264-267. Armstrong, E. , Carpenter, D. Hojnacki, M. E. (2006). â€Å"Whose Deaths Matter? Mortality, Advocacy, and Attention to Disease in the Mass Media. † Journal of Health Politics and Law 31:4, pp. 729-772. Barker, K. (2002). â€Å"Self-Help Literature and the Making of an Illness Identity: The Case of Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS). † Social Problem 49:3, pp. 279-300. How to cite Media Influences on Social Norms and Health, Essay examples

Health Care Inquiry for BMC Medical Ethics -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHealth Care Inquiry for BMC Medical Ethics. Answer: Introduction Do stimulants increase academic performance in university students? This is a critical question that sits in the mind of many health researchers and while most of the younger people would very much shoot first and ask questions later, it is necessary to arrive at a concrete conclusion before deciding on the best way forward. This paper seeks to weigh out the best option that should be kept to as seen from different sources. It is without a doubt that evolution is still an ongoing process only that this time it is of a mental kind. A cognitive progression continues in modern man as he continues to make his life simpler. Gone are the days when Roman soldiers had their limbs amputated without anesthesia as they got subjected to the gruesome process of primitive surgery of the times gone. Evidence One Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. Authorship In their research paper, (Hildt et al., 2014) had a face to face interview with a sample of 18 university students who used cognitive enhancement drugs prescribed to which they arrived at the conclusion that not only does prescription stimulants for performance enhancement among university students is of no critical relevance as it is not an isolated phenomenon, it also gives the students the ability to balance their time between school life and their time off. The research subjects claimed that the use of nootropics enabled them to cope with memorizing class work better, enable them to have a proper management of time and generally, it increased their motivation. Research Aims Broadly speaking, the research outcomes supported the use of the nootropics as they also boosted the students life outside of school. However, it should be noted that the person involved was always under pressure to use the drugs. This pressure would most likely end badly for the student suppose she did not keep up with her routine. The drugs boosted memory and increased motivation in its use but there is also a possibility for creating dependency on the individual. This means that the student in question must regularly take the pills failure to which he might succumb to inconsistencies in his school work. It is these negative effects that the research papers failed to show. Design The research was based on six categories: use of the stimulant beyond academic performance enhancement, timing the consumption, objective results academically, the side effect, pressure and the subjective experience of enhancement which was concluded to be leaning greatly on the positive side of the user experience with excellent results. Findings It should be noted that the conclusion they arrived at supports the use of the drugs among the students as there was no inconsistency in the students subjective experiences and their objective academic results (Richardson et al,. 2016). This statement means that the test subjects educational efforts translated equally to their academic result at the end of the semester. Before, it was noted that memorizing class work became easier while they were on the pills. One must consider whether this is really the case. To answer this, a little psychology should be put into context. The mind, as it is, is complex. There have been instances of people walking on hot coals without wincing, or of monks making steam come from their bodies after splashing cold water on them. All these instances narrow down to one belief system; mind over matter. Strengths and weaknesses According to Sir Charles Lyell, our improbable ability to reason shows us our ever-increasing dominion of our mind over matter, philosophers would argue likewise. Even monks are in the same line of thought; it is why they are monks after all. But how does this apply in this case? Think about it, anyone can do what he believes he can do. Give a leper a pill for malaria and you will see him get cured because he believed it would; its all mind over matter here. However, placebo effect doesnt give us concrete grounds for a conclusion. Still, psychology gives us an opening for argument. There are three keywords that the test subjects mentioned: boosting memory, proper time management, and excellent motivation. Psychologically speaking, all work and no play make the mind dull and unproductive. We need to keep the reward centers of our brains active to get motivated to work even more.it is all a cycle, we work, we reap the fruits and if they are good, we yearn for more. Still, one must keep an open mind here. Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257. doi: https://ift.tt/2fDSHfZ Authorship In the research paper, (Munro et al., 2017) deduced that of the 308 test subjects of their research study, only a 19% used the nootropics without prescription. They were also able to come up with several theories as to this deduction, chief of which is effective functionality (EF). EF is the ability of a student to be able to plan, self-regulate and become goal-oriented in their studies. Research Aims The main aim of the research study carried out by Munro and his team was to advocate against the use of the cognitive enhancing drugs prescribed (Munro et al, 2017). This is because the subjects with low EF had a reported case of using the drugs with translated in their GPA scores becoming lower. This did not change no matter how much of the drugs they used. There is an explanation to this. Having a low EF means that there is a low cognitive flexibility within the individual, which also means that there are low self-programming and no overall goal-directed behavior. The students expected that by using the drugs, their mental prowess gets automatically boosted. They put no effort in trying to study as they have not properly planned out their days well. Eventually, they lose sight of why they took the pills in the first place and thus their motivation gets significantly reduced and thus their overall GPA scores. Design (Hildt et al, 2014) used a one to one interview with the test subjects to arrive at their findings. A one to one interview is not a reliable source of information as there is always room for errors with the interviewees lying suppose the question hurts their feeling which was probably one of the most likely cases here (Malik et al, 2015). The researchers were only told what they wanted to hear and the likeliness of the sources being reliable was not considered. However, the results proved to be consistent in the end and it is from this that a conclusion was arrived at. Findings It was discovered that students with low EF succumbed to using smart pills due to their problems with keeping up with themselves and their studies. Based on their GPAs and BDEFS the researchers could conclude that using smart pills prescribed had a significant relationship between executive functioning and their overall GPA scores (Hajbaghery, 2005). This second research study stands against the use of the nootropic without a doctors prescription. Strengths and weaknesses (Munro et al, 2017) carried out the research broader with the 308 test subjects coming from six different public institutions and the methods used evidence based on their school performance at the end of the semester. The evidence obtained was, therefore, more conclusive and certain than the latter research findings. Barriers for the application of evidence in practice The two research outcomes are contradictory. Whereas one seeks to stand for the use of the cognitive enhancing drugs, the other strongly advocates against it on the grounds of being prescribed to the user. The first research outcome came out positive but the methods that were followed are not reliable. Even so, it still supports the use of the drugs if the user has a prescription and has the advice on which drug to use from the doctor. However, one must not expect the best outcomes from using as there is a lot of things involved, chief among them arising from the commitment that the user puts into his school work. How closely the research studies provided align with the PICO questions To answer this question, it is necessary to go deeper than the two research papers. The performance enhancing drugs trace their history to ADHD. They were used to enable people with this mental condition to cope and can lead a normal life and eventually, it was realized that it boosted attention and memory and thus it became common among college students. Today, the advancement in the medical field has led to a multitude of magnificent discoveries that makes us gods in a practical way. There exist pills for everything; ones for stopping pregnancy; ones to induce sleep and even those that boost the brain and memory capacity. It is the latter kind, the nootropics that are of interest. Currently, there are several brain supplement drugs sold over the counter and marketed for their abilities (Barkley, 2011). However, most of them are not prescribed by doctors and have found their way to the public particularly students. Their marketing is based on several speculations most of which are strongly advised against by professional doctors. The use of brain enhancement drugs has more antagonistic effects as they have positive effects on the plus side, they enable one to be motivated and improve time management but on the other hand, they might be dangerous (Bamberger et al, 2011). Besides worsening underlying mental conditions of the patient, there is room for other adverse effects. For one, the alter brain chemistry which is how they function. These drugs function by opening more serotonin receptors which the brain translates as improving more body activity. This means that the user becomes more active which possibly alters with the sleeping cycle of the individual which creates the need to use sleeping pills. Dependence is also another issue. Constant use means that the individual lives in a state where he cannot function without using the drugs at any given time. Eventually, the person succumbs to addiction and adverse withdrawal effects when the individual tries to opt out. Dependency is also linked to overdose which is a life risk. Ethically, taking brain-enhancing drugs is not the best way. The brain is the most complex organ in the human body thus using substances to alter its normal functioning to seek good grades is not worth it in the end. Moreover, everything used to alter the normal mental state of a human being all have very negative side effects both to the individual and to the community. Take illegal drugs for example. Conclusion In conclusion, the use of brain enhancing drugs, prescribe or otherwise, is not the best way to go for a student more so a medicine scholar as it beats the reason for learning in the end. Learning is the process of creating people who have proven to qualify for the field that they studied for. Proper time management is always of the essence for a scholar as it is what it all narrows down to in the end. References Bamberger, M., Rugh, J., Mabry, L. (2011). RealWorld evaluation: Working under budget, time, data, and political constraints. sage. Barkley, R, A. (2011). The Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Chan, G. K., Barnason, S., Dakin, C. L., Gillespie, G., Kamienski, M. C., Stapleton, S., ... Li, S. (2011). Barriers and perceived needs for understanding and using research among emergency nurses. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 37(1), 24-31. Elfil, M., Negida, A. (2017). Sampling methods in Clinical Research; an Educational Review. Emergency, 5(1), e52. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5325924/ Greenhalgh, T.M., Bidewell, J., Crisp, E., Lambros, A., Warland, J. (2017). Understanding research methods for evidence-based practice in health 1e Wileyplus learning space Wiley e-text powered by Vitalsource. Wiley. Retrieved from https://ift.tt/2xjnxVh 1ACUsearch_scope=61ACU_Alltab=61acu_alllang=en_US Hajbaghery, M. A., Salsali, M. (2005). A model for empowerment of nursing in Iran. BMC health services research, 5(1), 24.Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-5-24 Hildt, E., Lieb, K., Franke, A. G. (2014). Life context of pharmacological academic performance enhancement among university students a qualitative approach. BMC Medical Ethics, 15(1), 23-23. doi:10.1186/1472-6939-15-23 Kajermo, K. N., Undn, M., Gardulf, A., Eriksson, L. E., Orton, M. L., Arnetz, B. B., Nordstrm, G. (2008). Predictors of nurses perceptions of barriers to research utilization. Journal of Nursing Management, 16(3), 305-314. Malik, G., McKenna, L., Plummer, V. (2015). Perceived knowledge, skills, attitude and contextual factors affecting evidence?based practice among nurse educators, clinical coaches and nurse specialists. International journal of nursing practice, 21(S2), 46-57. Moore, D. R., Burgard, D. A., Larson, R. G., Ferm, M. (2014). Psychostimulant use among college students during periods of high and low stress: an interdisciplinary approach utilizing both self-report and unobtrusive chemical sample data. Addictive behaviors, 39(5), 987-993. Retrieved from https://www.pugetsound.edu/files/resources/addictive-behaviors-revise-resubmit_rev.pdf Munro, B. A., Weyandt, L. L., Marraccini, M. E., Oster, D. R. (2017). The relationship between nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, executive functioning and academic outcomes. Addictive Behaviors, 65, 250-257. Richardson-Tench, M., Taylor, B., Kermode, S., Roberts, K. (2016). Inquiry in health care (5th [ACU] ed.). South Melbourne, Australia: Cengage Learning. Suresh, K., Thomas, S. V., Suresh, G. (2011). Design, data analysis and sampling techniques for clinical research. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 14(4), 287. Yensen, J. (2013 J. Nurs. Inform. 17(3). Retrieved from PICO search strategies.

Accessing prior knowledge through hands on experie Essay Example For Students

Accessing prior knowledge through hands on experie Essay nceThe importance of prior knowledge and the life experiences of a child play a significant role in the learning of new concepts. When a child can connect what they already know with new ideas and vocabulary, they can better grasp new concepts and take more interest in the subject matter. Strength in language arts is vital to learning any text whether it is mathematics, science or social studies. What can educators do to incorporate text to bring more meaning to a childs learning experience? Guillaume suggests several ideas which reflect the literature on content area reading and learning. One idea is to access and build prior knowledge with the use of manipulatives and multimedia presentations. In order to encourage discussion in the classroom display several meaningful real life objects, artifacts, models, photographs, etc. The children will have the opportunity to observe these objects and ask questions. Comparisons can be made between what they are seeing and what they already know. Experiments such as making a volcano with household ingredients can demonstrate to a child the action of a live volcano thus bringing interest to text referring to changing landforms. Use a salting process so the students can witness the corrosion of metals. These experiments have much more impact on a child than the simple reading of text. They now have prior knowledge to relate to the concept. Guillaume, Andrea M. (1998). Learning with text in the primary grades. The Reading Teacher, 51, 476-486.

Steven Spielberg and Quentin Tarantino Essay Example For Students

Steven Spielberg and Quentin Tarantino Essay Steven Allan Spielberg was born on December 18, 1946 in Cincinnati, Ohio. Spielberg is probably one of the most recognized directors of our time. He is known for his top grossing films in the box office. In his role as a director (among other occupations), Spielberg has made an immense impact, has earned great respect and has a lot of influence in the film industry. His interest in directing started when Spielberg was a child. When he was a child, he would use his family’s home movie camera to record their camping trips and other family events. Some might say that he pretty much started his career as a child and this is why his films are so creative and have a lot of child-like wonder. â€Å"Spielberg began his career as a television director, admired for his understanding portrayal of human character,† (Steven Spielberg). He then turned that interest into a successful movie career, directing numerous films with A-list actors. In 1975, he obtained his first major success with a film, Jaws. Jaws earned more than one hundred million dollars at the box office and is considered a cult classic and is still popular today. We will write a custom essay on Steven Spielberg and Quentin Tarantino specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Spielberg later broke the Jawsbox office record with E. T. in 1983 and then again with Jurassic Park in 1993. Continuing his empire, Spielberg began his first film company Amblin Entertainment. Amblin Entertainment was named after a movie he was directing but unfortunately never finished. Through his production company he did, however, produce several movies like the Back to the Future trilogy and Who Framed Roger Rabbit, all of which were big successes. In more recent years, Spielberg has moved on to bigger projects and movies. However, not all of his successes come without controversy. It has been said that many of Steven Spielberg’s movies portray a fear of being different, starting with how he portrays other cultures. Some believe that Spielberg portrays his characters as savages performing horrible rituals, or violent gangsters like those in Indiana Jones. Many of his films involve the white American hero saving all the people who were depending on a white mentor to pass by. Many believe that the picture painted by Spielberg in these films is racist and causes negative stereotypes towards other cultures. As a result, many ethnic groups are insulted and upset. For instance, in the movie The Color Purple, many believe the film degrades the African American family and fails to show the real problems they have to face, such as the dominance of white culture and, of course, slavery. On the other side, the positive that can be taken from all the in his filmography, is the motivation one gets by identifying with the hero. The filmgoer can get an instant ego boost from the perception that one person can save the world. Of course, this is achieved through the belief that anything is possible with courage, luck, and self-sacrifice, all themes in Spielberg’s movies. Finally, as Spielberg became more and more successful, he paid it forward by donating to charities that were near and dear to his heart, making him an incredible philanthropist on top of his directing genius. Quentin Tarantino Quentin Tarantino was born in Knoxville, Tennessee on March 27, 1963 to Tony Tarantino, an actor and musician of Italian descent, and Connie McHugh of half-Irish and half-Cherokee. Shortly after his birth, his mother married musician Curt Zastoupil with whom Tarantino would form a strong bond. In more recent years, his films, such as Jackie Brown show a relative restraint with regard to violence and bloodshed. Leading many to suggest that Tarantino is mellowing. In addition, many believe that this mellowing shows signs of his maturing with regard to character development and his treatment of love. Where Pulp Fiction took place entirely in a mans world, Jackie Brown included a touching, unconsummated relationship between the bail bondsman and the title character. .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 , .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .postImageUrl , .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 , .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:hover , .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:visited , .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:active { border:0!important; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:active , .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584 .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4fc1ae8ca485fa944408ba72a3fd4584:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The most successful films in 2010 EssayThough Tarantino has proven less likely to exploit bloodshed or sex in his latest film, he has, as critics observe, maintained another aspect of his style: an attitude towards pop culture, including B-movies, old TV shows, and other paraphernalia of mass media, that wavers between veneration and satire. Quentin Tarantino’s films have achieved a cultural and global status and I do not think anyone is going to argue that he is not an auteur. I am more interested in examining his style and seeing how this makes him an auteur and if it has changed when he was receiving a higher budget. Bibliography: (2014). Retrieved from Spielberg: http://www.mrkramer.org/4h-steven-spielberg (2014). Retrieved from Steven Spielberg: http://www.biography.com/people/steven-spielberg-9490621#awesm=~oHuK0pjm0Vn2cP (2014). Retrieved from quentin-tarantino: http://www.biography.com/people/quentin-tarantino-9502086#awesm=~oHuKa3JUDIebeo

Beowulf charecterization essays

Beowulf charecterization essays 1. In a peaceful Kingdome by the name of the Danish Kingdome, something stirs and it is not nice. That thing is Grendal and he is one bad monster, people say that he is a descendant from Cain and the symbol for evil; Cain was the first person to ever murder his own brother which automatically made Grendal against god. To start the story off in the right direction Grendal starts in his underground cave asleep Grendal is awaken by Danish warriors singing drunk like. Since Grendal is the epitome of evil he gets enraged at all, the joyous singing woke up, rushed towards the castle burst open the doors, and mutilated about thirty of the kings knights. He then fled back to his foggy layer where he went back to his peaceful yet eerie sleep. 2. Although Grendal is the most evil thing out there, there are much more devious kind of monster out there. In this story Grendals mother is the culprit and flaunts it. Her reputation is one you would not want her to show you. She is one big monster, ugly, and viscous. She is known to kill anyone and any thing that so much as touches the water in the lake even the animals wont drink out of the water they would rather die. Who would blame them grendals mother would kill them six times before they would hit the ground. 3. Beowulf goes back home after the defeat of both monster and vows the king that he will go back if trouble returns. A few years pass and Beowulf is back in his own kingdom and is the king, due to the loss of his old king higlac. Someone has stolen a golden relic from a nearby cave where a humongous fire-breathing dragon lived. The dragon was so outraged that it started so many fires that it looked like the whole Kingdome was the devils layer. By this time Beowulf had, had enough and set course towards the dragons home and take revenge. Beowulf was not what he used to be back when he fought the grendals he is a lot weaker and has aged alot. When Beowu...

Character Analysis of the Four Wives and the Maid Yaner in the Film Raise the Red Lantern

Character Analysis of the Four Wives and the Maid Yaner in the Film Raise the Red Lantern A Question to Answer In his film Raise the Red Lantern, Zhang Yimou explores various issues which have existed in the Chinese society. The film dwells upon social and political peculiarities of the Chinese society of the 1920s. It also focuses on gender roles and the roles played by women. It is possible to raise a variety of questions concerning ethics and morality, spirituality and sexuality.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Character Analysis of the Four Wives and the Maid Yan’er in the Film Raise the Red Lantern specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, it can be also interesting to look into female behavioral patterns in certain circumstances. Admittedly, women in the courtyard have to endure loads of constraints. They are locked in the small area where they have to confront each other. They are forced to play a game with really cruel rules. The five female characters develop different behavioral patt erns, i.e. alienation, rebel and acceptance. The Setting In the first place, it is important to consider the circumstances that shape the females’ behavior. The Chinese society is based on the principles of ethics and morality. Thus, the family is the core of the Chinese society as it has been stipulated that a good family is the basis of a strong society (Neo 3). Notably, it was believed that females were to be protected from the hardships of the world within their families in the 1920s (Neo 3). Therefore, women were shut in courtyards to be protected from the cruel world. The courtyard depicted by Yimou appears to be much more dangerous.  It is also necessary to pay some attention to the concept of masculinity in the society of the first part of the twentieth century. Neo stresses that men were seen as masters of the courtyard and their masculinity was often ‘measured’ by the number of their mistresses (4). Hence, the more mistresses a men had, the more mascu line he was seen. Admittedly, women were rather objects than human beings. Therefore, women could be treated as objects, i.e. they could be sold, they could be punished and they could be even killed. Obviously, the society like that was shaping females’ behavior. Behavioral Patterns The First Type of Alienation The first behavioral pattern to be discussed is alienation. Yuru is the first mistress of Master Chen. She is as old as her husband and she has a child. She has spent too much time shut in the courtyard and she seems completely alienated. She is almost unseen in the film and she does not participate in the struggle for the Master’s attention. She pertains to the past. It seems she simply stopped fighting a long time ago. The reason why she develops such a behavioral pattern is unclear. Though, at the end of the film, it becomes apparent that immorality and vice which have always reigned in the courtyard made Yuru distance herself from the reality. Yuru seems cal m as if she accepts her being neglected. More so, she is likely to be grateful for this neglect as she can enjoy peace and certain happiness. This is her way to escape from the doom of the courtyard.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Acceptance Another behavioral pattern is acceptance of the rules and development of skills to play the ‘game’ properly. The second wife, Zhuoyun, is younger than the first mistress. She has a daughter who is the same age with the third wife’s son (McFarlane 112). This woman seems supportive and kind-hearted at first. She comforts the fourth and the youngest mistress, Songlian, and tells her all about the courtyard. However, this kindness and compassionate attitude should be seen as the tools to be the winner in the struggle for the Master’s attention. Though Zhuoyun is not young (or as beautiful as she used to be), she is still trying to win his attention. Notably, she is quite successful in her attempts. She is constantly engaging in intrigues. She is really resourceful and cunning. She rarely confronts other mistresses overtly. For instance, she does not simply go to the Master and she does not tell him about Songlian’s fraud pregnancy. She pretends to be concerned about the young mistress’ health. Thus, Zhuoyun never shows her true colors and tries to keep her image of a kind-hearted woman. Such a behavioral pattern can be regarded as certain kind of acceptance of the rules. In other words, Zhuoyun understands that intrigues, immorality and being a good toy for the Master are the necessary rules that help her survive in the closed world of the courtyard. This woman accepts the rules and she is capable of surviving in this cruel little world. Rebel The third mistress, Meishan, used to be an opera singer. She has a son and she is quite hostile to Songlian as the latter stea ls the status of the youngest wife (McFarlane 112). Meishan is depicted as a spoiled woman who is rather immoral. For instance, she is cheating on her husband with another man (the doctor). However, this is not a result of her immorality or spoiled nature. This is rather a result of her life in the shut courtyard. Her being immoral is her way to stand up to the wrongs of the courtyard life and the entire society. Meishan despises her humiliating position.  This rebellious nature can be explained by the woman’s background. She was used to a free life. She was a singer and she was adored by many people. It was her who played with men.   However, she has to be a toy in her Master’s hands. At present, she has to play a game with much stricter rules. Moreover, the rules are created by men.  Meishan tries to revolt against the game, but she has a few tools for that.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Character Analysis of the Four Wives and the Maid Yan’er in the Film Raise the Red Lantern specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More She cannot leave the courtyard, so she develops her own type of escape. She cheats on her husband and this is her way to escape from the cruel reality. Notably, the rebel costs too much. Meishan is killed by the Master’s servants. He destroys the toy he does not like. Another Rebel There is another type of rebel in the story. Yaner, Songlian’s servant, does not want to accept the reality (McFarlane 112). Yan’er is dreaming about becoming the Master’s mistress. She hates being a mere servant to a spoiled girl who humiliates her all the time. Yan’er tries to enter the world which is shut for her. She tries to behave like a successful mistress does, i.e. she is trying to carry on intrigues. However, her position in the society is even worse than that of the mistress. She is punished by Songlian and, eventually, dies. This rebel costs Yan’er her life. Another Alienation Songlian, the protagonist of the film, is the fourth and the youngest mistress. She does not understand what it feels like to be a mistress. However, she is told this is the only (more or less successful) way for a woman (McFarlane 111). Songlian has a desire to develop as she is a college student. She is also accustomed to certain degree of freedom. Clearly, the courtyard atmosphere is corrupting the young girl. It is necessary to note that the young mistress is not ill-natured (like the second wife). She is cruel to her servant, but this is a weak way to rebel. Importantly, Songlian is too weak to stand up to the existing world. She is not like Meishan or Yan’er. Her rebel ends up in severe psychological traumas. Songlian feels guilty for Yan’er’s death and she witnesses Meishan’s murder. These two deaths lead to Songlian’s alienation. The young woman cannot accept the cruel reality and goes out of her mind. This alienation is stronger than that of the first wife. Songlian is wondering in her college uniform around different places of the courtyard. Apparently, she has escaped from the cruelty of the courtyard. Four Ways to Adjust to the World In conclusion, it is possible to state that the film depicts certain behavioral patterns used by women to adjust to certain societal norms that existed in China in the 1920s. In a nutshell, women had to strive for being an adorable toy for their Master. Three major ways to escape from this little and suffocating world left for women are revealed.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Thus, women could distance themselves from the struggle for their master’s love and be forgotten and left alone. Of course, they had to forget about comforts associated with the privileged position of the favorite toy. Women could also try to stand up to the societal norms. However, this was always severely punished and rebellious females were often killed. Finally, women could develop the necessary skills to be able to carry on intrigues. Only cruel, purposeful and cunning females could exist in the world of the courtyard. Therefore, the film reveals the wrongs of the society which was believed to be built on the principles of morality and ethics. McFarlane, Brian. Women Beware Women: Zhang Yimou’s Raise the Red Lantern. Screen Education 42.1 (2006): 111-115. Print. Neo, David. The â€Å"Confusion Ethics† of Raise the Red Lantern. Cinematheque Annotations on Film 33.1 (2004): 1-6. Print.

Short story Turned Essay Example

Short story Turned Essay Example Short story Turned Paper Short story Turned Paper In this short story Turned Gilman conveys the status of women in 19th century Boston. Women in Boston were classed in terms of their social status and this story shows us this class distinction. The content of this story is basically a love triangle which involves a Swedish maid Gerta Peterson and a rich and wealthy couple the Marroners. As she was born as an illegitimate child herself, Gilman stars this story by a dramatic opening by describing the womens bedrooms. By conveying a detailed description Charlotte Perkins Gilman describes Mrs. Marroners bedroom as a, soft-carpeted, thick curtained and richly furnished chamber. Whereas she describes Gertas bedroom as a, uncarpeted thin curtained and poorly furnished chamber. What is Gilman trying to show about their social status? Gilman is simply showing that the rich women are more respected than poor women and also the rich have got the valuable things whereas the poor are just being used to work for the rich. This shows that Mrs. Marroner is a rich woman whereas Gerta is a poor woman. In Boston all women try to look for rich husbands so that they could have a good life just like Mrs. Marroner. Mrs. Marroner is a married woman in her thirties. She is a, loving, trusting, and affectionate woman. Mrs. Marroner also has a, good relationship with her husband Mr. Marroner who is apparently out of the country for business. Business has been delaying him from weeks to months and while he was away he used to wrote to his wife, long, loving and frequent letters deeply regretting his delay explaining how necessary and how profitable it was. Whenever Mrs. Marroner received the letter she impulsively kissed it in the dim hall. She was never a jealous woman she studied in university where she held a PhD and became a teacher before she was married. Gilman shows that Mrs. Marroner had a very good educational background. Mrs. Marroner had a good relationship with Gerta. She tried to teach her and had grown to love the patient. Perhaps having no babies of her own made her to love the big child more. By writing this sentence Gilman expresses the feeling of Mrs. Marroner towards Gerta and show that Mrs. Marroner treats Gerta as her own child. She also says that Mr and Mrs. Marroner had frankly admired her and her visible perfections they were also very fond of her.

Managerial Accounting for Decision Making Essay

Managerial Accounting for Decision Making - Essay Example Horngren and Sundem, 1990. P- 4’ (MACINTOSH & QUATTRONE. 2010) Management accounting system is a part of the larger control system in the organization used to measure, monitor and motivate the managers and employees in the organization and also to coordinate with the other components of the organization like machine, information, material and technologies etc. For a robust control system it is necessary for the entire control mechanism to support each other, management accounting system can play a great part in coordinating and controlling all the activities in the organization. (MACINTOSH & QUATTRONE. 2010) Management accounting system not only helps in planning and coordinating activities of the organization but also plays a vital role in performance measurement and decision making by providing information for managers to make timely decisions, to be effective and efficient in the execution of the business and to improve overall performance of the organization. ... between financial and management accounting for which one thinks that they both perform the same function like both are used in the reporting purpose and helps managers in analyzing the company’s performance and take action for control. But it’s important to mark the differences and benefits that management accounting can solely provide to the organization. Financial accounting is used at the end of the financial year when auditors come for the audit. They work on the historical data that how company performed during the year and prepare their report for the shareholders confirming company’s accounts give a true and fair view. Management accounting however is used to provide information for managers only on a continuous basis that is it doesn’t wait for the financial year to end. It is forward looking and focuses on information that managers can use to make decisions for the future. Therefore if company has issues and loopholes in the control and informati on systems it can be corrected right on time. Management accounting system in short makes the managers adopt a more forward looking approach for the business. (NEEDLES, POWERS & CROSSON .2010) Part A. 2. Identify from the case study the reasons why Tania thinks that Nosystem Limited should install a management accounting system Analyzing the case given it could be argued that Nosystem needs to install management accounting system. As Tania emphasized that Nosystem is a growing organization now there is a growing need for the planning, control and coordinating activities. By installing management accounting system Nosystem can plan its activities at all levels that is strategic, tactical and operational levels to achieve the ultimate goal and objective of the company mentioned in the mission statement. Further

How well Durex is managing their product line and make recommendations Essay

How well Durex is managing their product line and make recommendations for the future - Essay Example The same set of benefits from more products lead to ambiguity and consumer choose one on the cost of other, which often decline the market share for one product in favor of other. The onion is designed from the philosophy and commitment of business for providing aid maintaining health of people while allowing living happily. Company is maintaining product’s life with augmented product line and that’s strategy seems viable increase product life. Product life cycle refers to the actual position of the brand and its product line the market (Grieves, 2005a). Four phases of the time shows the future potential of growth for making investments (Terzi et al., 2010). These four phases include (Grieves, 2005b): Maturity where brand successfully achieved its potential growth and generating high revenues while moving towards expectancy by loosing essence by the time. Here investment is made to operate and reinforce the brand. The product life cycle is derived from the fact that Durex is earning high revenues and expanding the maturity phase by continuous extensions in product and communications as the blue line in the given graphic shows the extensions of brand to survive in long-run. Griffin (2012) described BCG (Boston Consulting Group) matrix as the evaluation tool for the relative to other brand present in the market. BCG technique is utilized to plot the potential of the product in the market and make investments accordingly (Schawel & Billing, 2014; Johnson et al., 2011). Four quarters of the matrix presents following categories (Doherty & Lu, 2012): The matrix shows evidence that brand is in the phase of moving from Stars to cash cows and relatively occupy a very large market share, so the competition level for the brand is not very vital in short-term. By looking at the market growth, Dettol is at the top position, which give the idea that in long-run brand will have to face competition also for investment decisions of

Patient Internet Guide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Patient Internet Guide - Essay Example This research is being carried out to evaluate and present some useful advices which would help to learn more about a medical condition through online search: Preferably, the site must be sponsored by a medical institution, organization or association. There is a high probability that medical professionals are behind the content of such sites. An example of which is Mayoclinic.com. Avoid sites that look shabbily presented. Good sites invest money, effort and time to establish impact and credibility to the readers. As much as possible, the site must be a registered domain and not just a simple blog that can disappear anytime. Check the site’s domain name and standing in Better Business Bureau. The site must have a disclaimer stating that the information presented is not in any way a substitute for medical advice. Never give your personal information unless the site can be trusted. More importantly, the site must ensure that your personal information would not be shared. Search for forums where people give feedback about certain sites. User experience is a reliable way to get good comments or criticism about a certain site. Avoid forums that have members arguing all of the time. Remember, you need information not arguments. The site must present valid source of references for their journals or articles. Sites with peer-reviewed journals are highly preferable.  

Economic Interdependence and the Emergence of Globalization Research Paper

Economic Interdependence and the Emergence of Globalization - Research Paper Example Mexico, a developing country in the Western Hemisphere and member of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), will be used as a case study to explore the ramifications of realist-inspired neoliberalism and the effects of globalization on a country in the developing world. Furthermore, the effects of the international economic system will be discussed with reference to China, a formerly socialist state in the processing of liberalizing its economy and opening up to the global economic community. Globalization, as it exists today, rests largely on the shoulders of neoliberal economics and the global entrenchment of capitalism as the dominant economic system in the world. Inspired by Realist ideological doctrine, neo-liberalism is the belief in laissez-faire economics and its early proponents were Margaret Thatcher in the United Kingdom and Ronald Reagan in the United States in the 1980s. US President Ronald Regan famously remarked, "government was not the solution but the problem" (Hobsbawm 1994). Neo-liberals put all of their faith in the distributive capabilities of the invisible hand of the free market, and believe that business was inherently good and that government bad. The government was longer interested in the provision of welfare but existed to stimulate the capitalist economic market. The United States under Ronald Reagan was thus described as the "greatest of the neo-liberal regimes" (Hobsbawm 1994).   How did neoliberalism, the dominant political and economic ideology of the West since the Reagan years make inroads around the world and into the formerly Communist countries of Eastern Europe' The Second World, consisting of the global Communist community during the Cold War, was severely undermined by economic and political crises which began in the late 1960s. The result was a political and economic disorder. Economic crises undermined the political foundations of states like China and the USSR - particularly after the deaths of men such as Mao & Brezhnev - and the centrally planned economic systems of these countries remained under stress and increasingly precarious. The Soviet world was also not immune to global economic crises as evidenced by the effects of the OPEC crisis of 1973. These aftershocks paved the way for perestroika and glasnost in the USSR, the implosion of Yugoslavia and popular Chinese dissent expressed in Tiananmen Square and captured live on camera. The political and economic fragilities of the Second World were exposed following 1968 and slowly led to political decay, leading to the eventual implosion of the Soviet Union.  

Paper on the client Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Paper on the client - Case Study Example ttitude, his validation of Cesar, and key words and phrases the doctor uses with respect to psychology. The principles, foundation, and dynamic of the doctor-patient relationship in Abre Los Ojos are very interesting. The doctor himself is a no-nonsense type of guy who encourages Cesar to try to remember what he himself did, and the movie also has a few twists at the end. Another important aspect of being a doctor—which Cesar’s doctor exemplifies—is what it means to be a professional (whether or not the doctor follows the rules and laws of doctor-patient relations). Understandably so, doctors must be continually assessing and evaluating the needs of the patient. Are the patients’ medications at the correct dosages? Do they need to be adjusted? The duty of the doctor is to continuously be monitoring a patient’s relative progress or the lack thereof. ... Usually a patient’s care team consists of: the doctors that are working on all of the patients; the main doctors which oversee the patient’s care setting; the social worker; the chaplain; and perhaps most obviously, the family and/or caregivers. In this case of Cesar the family and/or caregivers are basically replaced by the jail. It is the duty of the doctor on the end of the hospital or other organization taking care of the patient—not now speaking of the family and/or caregivers—that they establish a sense of trust and reliability with the patient. Since the doctor is the person who will have the most contact with the patient, it is of maximum importance that the doctor be professional, respectable, and affable. It is the duty of the other doctors to patiently listen as each individual doctor expresses his or her reflections on the progress of the patients. Similarly, it is the doctors’ duty to reflect on how the status of the patients are. The s ocial worker is available in order to address any issues that might come up regarding the patient’s living conditions, environment, etc. The chaplain is available in order to help out with a patient’s spiritual needs. The doctor’s self-exploration and identity struggles being faced while treating Cesar are manifold. In whatever case, the doctor is very important, and of course, one cannot forget the importance of the role of the jailers, which must work with the organization’s doctor on-call. The doctor works to provide the service of helping the patient through this troubling and complex time in his or her life. Hopefully the doctor can make that patient’s journey an easier and perhaps less stressful one. Cesar’s doctor faces

Beauty of Switzerland Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beauty of Switzerland - Essay Example They have very skilled and qualified labors. The economy is divided into many areas most prominent of them are technology including biotechnology, banking and financial services and pharmaceutical industry. Small and medium-sized enterprises play an important role in the economic development. The GDP growth rate is 2.8% nominal and 2.7% real. Â  The area of Switzerland is 41285-kilometer square and the boundary is 18558 kilometers. The boundary lines with the neighboring countries include France, Italy Austria, and France. All the four dimensions have different names, such as, Oberbargen (N 47Â ° 48 35"), Piz Chavalatsch (E 10Â ° 29 36"), Chiasso (N 45Â ° 49 08") and Chancy (E 5Â ° 57 24"). Dufourspitze has the highest elevation i.e. 4634 m.a.s (15200 feet) and Lago Maggiore has the lowest elevation i.e. 193 m.a.s (633 feet) (Renouf 2010). Â  Music: basically Switzerland is not a complete musical country but in the 20th century it had some very good composers such as Arthur Honegger, Othmar Schoeck, and Frank Martin. The music is categorized in different areas such as folk music, classical music, rock, pop, and jazz. Â  Science: The scientists from Switzerland have shown great contributions in the field of science, for instance, they introduced chemistry in the medicine. There are recognizable contributions in physics and mathematics is also made. Â  Leisure: The beautiful mountainous areas of the country have really influenced the leisure of the people. Their leisure activities include skiing, mountaineering, golf, tennis, football, basketball, gliding, swimming, mountain biking, and hiking. Â  

Transition Elements and Coordination Compounds Analysis

Transition Elements and Coordination Compounds Analysis Manganese is a first row transition metal that has varies type of oxidation states when it appears as a compound. The oxidation range is from Mn(-III) till Mn(VII). This has shown that the compounds of manganese range in the oxidation number have a different of 10 electrons. The experiment 1 that we have done is changing oxidation state of manganese(II) chloride to an acetylacetonemanganese(III) with an oxidizing agent potassium permanganate. However, the main target compound that we are interested in this experiment 1 is the characterize complexes of 2 metal ions with the anion of acetylacetone. This compound is actually a typical a-diketone that can ionize in an aqueous solution as a weak acid. This is the main reason that the acetylacetonate anion will serve as a ligand towards metal ion and form new complexes. The ligand will bond to the metal through 2 oxygen atoms to form a six-membered ring. These six-membered rings (MO2C3) are in a planar shape and it is a weak aromatic. This is due to that they contain 6 Ï€ electrons. Thus, in the complexes of stoichiometry M(acac)3, there will be in a few different shapes. Such as the MO6 array is octahedral, for Cu(acac)2, the CuO4 group will be in square planar, and lastly for VO(acac)2, the VO5 group is in square pyramidal. As a result, the complexes are neutral in charge and they may be isolated as crystalline solids with interesting variety of colors. The equation for this experiment will be: MnCl2 + 4H2O → [Mn(H2O)4]Cl2 [Mn(H2O)4]Cl2 + 2HC5H7O2 + 2NaC2H3O2 → Mn(C5H7O2)2 + 2NaCl + 2HC2H3O2 Mn(C5H7O2)2 + KMnO4 + 7HC5H7O2 + HC2H3O2 → 5Mn(C5H7O2)3 + KC2H3O2 + 4H2O Cobalt is also another transition element that we are using in this experiment to form a coordination complexes. The cobalt 2+ ion is more stable than the cobalt 3+ ion for simple salts of cobalt. Therefore, there are only a few salts that are form with Co(II). However, the forming of complexes will eventually have a more stable oxidation state compare to the oxidation state of Co(II). In octahedral coordinated complexes, the number of complexes appears in a very stable conformation. Werner coordination complexes are compounds that formed between a transition metal ions and variety of organic and inorganic ions or neutral molecules. For both chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride and tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) also forms the octahedral coordination. In these complexes, it contains of six ligands (L) and a central atom (M) at the apices of an octahedron. For this experiment, the equation will be written as: Co2+ + NH4+ + 1/2H202 → [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+ [Co(NH3)5H2O]3+ + 3Cl- → [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 + H2O Vanadium is also a transition element where it also exits in a variety of oxidation states which is from -3 to +5. Each of it undergoes a wide variety of chemistry depends on the electronic and steric nature of the coordinating ligands of it. For an example, in a higher oxidation states, vanadium is very oxophilic, but at low oxidation states, the Ï€-donating ligands such as dinitrogen and carbon monoxide are preferred. Therefore, the +4 and +5 states for vanadium are more important in biological reactions. The vanadium(IV) is dominated by the stable oxovanadium (VO2+) cation that remains intact during many reactions. While the deoxygenation of oxovanadium(IV) complexes to form a six-coordinate vanadium(IV) complexes will usually enhances their reactivity. In this situation, vanadium that is also a strong oxidizing agent will actually undergo redox in high possibilities when it involve in the reaction with organic molecules. Majority of vanadium(IV) complexes depend upon oxovanadium ion VO2+ complexes and the color for it is generally green or blue-green. This compound has oxygen atoms coordinating in the equatorial plane where the apical coordination will be the oxo group that complete the square pyramidal geometry coordination. It acts as a good precursor and undergoes ligand exchange reaction where one or both of the acetlyacetonato groups can easily be exchanged with organic ligands that having coordinating of different potentialities. For both of the complexes above is all in hexacoordinate with octahedral. However, there are many examples of coordination chemistry with coordination numbers from 3 to 9. Pentacoordinate complexes are much less common than either tetra- or hexacoordinate. This is more common for some metals, compound with one oxidation state and some others rare compound. There are mainly two types of geometries for it which is trigonal bipyramidal and square pyramidal. The bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) is our product in this experiment 3. In this experiment, the equation for it can be written as: V2O5 + 2H2SO4 + EtOH 2VOSO4 + 3H2O + CH3CHO VOSO4 + 2HC5H7O2 + Na2CO3 VO(C5H7O2)2 + Na2So4 + H2O + CO2 Discussion: Interpretation of IR spectrum for tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III): Wavenumber (cm-1) Description of bands 1635.2 1506.5 -relative intensity : strong -(C=C) stretching -(C=CH) deformation 1386.9 -relative intensity : strong -(CH3)- symmetric C-H deformation 1255.6 -relative intensity : strong -(C=C) stretching -(C-CH3) stretching 1014.8 -relative intensity : strong -(CH3) out-of plane bending 924.5 -relative intensity : strong -(C-CH3) stretching 785.6 -relative intensity : strong -(C-H)deformation 678.1 -relative intensity : medium/ strong -(C-CH3)stretching,(O=C-CH3) deformation -(Mn-O) stretching indicates metal-ligand bond 458.3 relative intensity : weak (C=C) stretching,(C-CH3) stretching -(Mn-O) stretching that also indicatesmetal-ligand bond Interpretation of IR spectrum for bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV): Wavenumber (cm-1) Description of bands 1559.0 1532.9 -relative intensity : medium (C=O) stretching -( C=C),(C=CH) stretching 1419.0 -relative intensity : medium -(CH3) deformation 1374.3 1357.9 -relative intensity : strong -(C=O) stretching -(CH3) deformation mode 1287.0 -relative intensity : strong -(C=C=C) stretching 997.4 -relative intensity : strong and sharp -stretching of V=O bond -it also indicates the metal-ligand bond.(1) 1021.7 -relative intensity : strong -(CH3) rocking 937.0 -relative intensity : strong -(C-CH3) stretching -(C=O) stretching 798.7 -relative intensity : medium -(C-H) out-of-plane bending 686.0 657.1 -relative intensity : medium/ weak -(ring) deformation out-of-plane bending for: 609.6 -(ring) deformation Interpretation of IR spectrum for chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride: Wavenumber (cm-1) Description of bands 1635.0 1559.0 -relative intensity : medium -degenerate asymmetric NH3stretching 1304.8 -relative intensity : strong -symmetric NH3angle deformation 837.7 -relative intensity : strong -NH3rocking 669.2 -(Co-N) stretching indicates metal-ligand bond(1) 486.2 -(Co-Cl) stretching indicates metal-ligand bond(1) There are suppose to have a symmetric NH3 stretch, 3169.3 cm-1 and an asymmetric NH3 stretch, 3289.3 cm-1 in the IR spectrum. These two spectrums are important to prove that there are two different chemical conditions for this NH3 ligand in this complex. This condition is actually due to the distortion geometry by chloride ligand. From 3 of the IR spectrum that we had obtains is that we are able to identify two error in it. First is the peak that going upwards at the region between 2000 cm-1 and 2500 cm-1. This error is due to the FT-IR spectrometry error as it can be shown in the comparison between the second IR spectrums that read by another spectrometry. Then, the following error is the very strong H2O that is mixed within the compound when we are doing the tablets. This very strong H2O is within the range of 3200 cm-1 to 3800 cm-1 region. Magnetic susceptibility Diamagnetic If the intensity of magnetization is negative, the material is said to be diamagnetic. This works when the density of lines that force inside the sample is less than that outside in this material. When it placed in an inhomogeneous magnetic field will tend to move to the region of lowest field. The repulsion that forms from the field will then produce energy in it. So, it is an endothermic process. Magnitude of the attractive force increase with the number of unpaired electrons that contain in the transition metal ion. Thus, the complexes that having a single unpaired d electron will interact less strongly with a magnetic field compared with complexes that have two unpaired electrons. So, complexes that contain no unpaired electrons are said to be diamagnetic and it is only weakly repelled by magnetic field. The figure is also very small as order of -1 to -10010-6 c.g.s e.m.u. In addition, it does not depend in the field strength and independent on temperature. In this experiment, th e chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is a diamagnetic compound. The chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride has d6 electron configuration that is high spin. It is zero for the unpaired electrons in the orbital.(100) Paramagnetic If the intensity of magnetization of a paramagnetic is positive, hence ÃŽ ´w/ÃŽ ´H is negative and such a material will tend to move regions of maximum field strength since this is an exothermic process. The figure for the paramagnetic susceptibility is large and relative large as fall within the range of 100 to 100,00010-6 c.g.s e.m.u. In addition, it does not depend on magnetic field strength but do depend on temperature. Paramagnetic is a consequence of the interaction of and the spinangular momenta of unpaired electrons with the applied field. Complexes that have no unpaired electron in the orbital will have a magnetic moment that is as strong as it will attract each other stronger in the field. Thus this compound is paramagnetic. In this experiment, the bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) and tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) is a paramagnetic compound. The tris(acetylacetonato)manganese(III) has a d4 low spin of electron configuration with twp unpaired electrons. For the bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) has a d3 electron configuration that has 2 unpaired electrons within the orbital. So, this eventually states that both of the products are paramagnetic. (100) The Shape of the Compounds The shape for the bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) is actually in a shape of square pyramidal as I had mention in the introduction. The formation of a square pyramidal complex is due to the ligand that influences it. The steric effect between vanadium and the other oxygen bonding will tend to have competed among each other for the spacing with the other ligands in the metal bonding orbital. This effect can be observed in the decrease in the IR stretching frequency of the VO bond when there is a sixth ligand coordinates trans to oxygen. (9) The shape for penta is in Werner coordination as I have mention also in the introduction. It means that it is in an octahedron shape with a 6 coordination numbers. The ground state for octahedral complexes Mn(acac)3 which is the product of our experiment 1 of is a 5Eg (t2g 3eg1) position. The black manganese(III) acetylacetonate complex that which is the product of our experiment usually has an octahedral configuration. there actually exists of the Jahn teller distortion. Thus, it will be not a pure octahedral conformation. Then, it will have two forms for this compounds where one is with substantial tetrahedral elongation where two Mn-O bonds at 212 pm, and four at 193 pm and the other with moderate tetragonal compression where the two Mn-O bonds at 195 pm and four at 200 pm. Namely, The room temperature effective magnetic moments of the manganese(III) complexes with mixed ligands are in the range of 4.76-4.9 ÃŽ ¼B, which corresponds to four unpaired electrons typical of the d4 system. It is supposed that in mixed-ligand complexes the ligand has localized Ï€-bond and do not favor electron-pairing. The Jahn-Teller effect due to an unequal filling up of t2g and eg orbital yields a distorted octahedral geometry in complex. These complexes have a dark green to green color. The proposed structures of the complexes shown in Fig 3 are consistent with the related data (5).